Present Situation And Development Of Oil Pipeline System

Composition of oil pipeline system

Long distance oil pipeline consists of two main parts: the oil transportation station and the pipeline.

oil transportation station

The starting point of the pipeline is an oil transportation station, known as "the first station", after the crude oil is collected and calculated, the first station provides power to transport to the downstream pipeline. The first station is generally arranged with oil storage tanks, oil pump and oil metering device. Oil pumps provide power to make the oil moved along the pipeline to the terminal or the next level of oil transportation station. Under normal circumstances, due to the long distance, the energy loss of transporting process is obvious, it’s need multilevel oil stations to provide power until crude oil sent to terminal. The end of the oil station known as "terminal station", mainly responsible for collecting material transported from the upstream pipeline, therefore equipped with many tanks and metering system.

Pipeline

Long distance oil pipeline is welded by steel pipe. An insulating layer is wrapped outside the tube to prevent corrosion of the chemical composition in the soil. The internal pipeline can be also coated with anti corrosive material to reduce the corrosion in the transmission of oil and improve the smoothness of the pipeline for large transportation quantity. Every certain distance or across a large obstacle, the pipeline is equipped with a valve to prevent the expansion of the accident and convenient to maintain equipment.

Development Direction

Normal temperature transportation technology

With the increase of the oil production and the exploitation of crude oil to the deep sea, all countries attach great importance to the research on the transportation and flow security technology of waxy oil.

Pipeline monitoring technology

Early warning technology, divided into field type monitoring and sensing monitoring, is becoming a developed pipeline monitoring technology in twenty-first Century. Field type monitoring focus on monitoring people's entry can only be used for a short period of time. Sensing monitoring focus on monitoring can be used for long distance and long time monitoring. These monitoring are affected by various factors, so that they has been subjected by a variety of technical limitations in application. It shows that these monitoring methods need further research.