Oil Field Indispensable Equipment, Sucker Rod

Characteristics of sucker rod

A sucker rod is a steel rod,typically between 25 and 30 feet (7 to 9 meters) in length,and threaded at each end.Sucker rod is an important component part of the pumping unit.Pumping power by the sucker rod string is passed to the deep well pump,made deep well pump piston reciprocating motion Sucker rods made of fiberglass in 37 1/2 foot lengths and diameters of 3/4,7/8,1,and 1 1/4 inch are also commonly available.

Main applications of sucker rod

Sucker rod is mainly used in the equipment of oil exploitation.There are three main devices applied in the oil exploitation,which is high pour point,high viscosity and high wax content.

• Hollow sucker rod electric heating device

  The hollow sucker rod electric heating device is one of the most important applications of hollow sucker rod. Put the heating cable into the hollow sucker rod, when the power is connected, it will generate inner skin effect, the electric energy will be transformed to the thermal energy to heat the crude oil. This device can reduce the viscosity and wax content of the crude oil and guarantee the normal production.
  There is a special device of the electric heating device. It adopts the drive rod for screw pump to instead of the common hollow sucker rod. The drive rod for screw pump has higher tensile strength and fracture resistance than the common hollow sucker rod. So, the screw pump electric heating device is ideal for the extremely strict environments of high efficiency exploitation.

• The hollow sucker rod hot carrier heating device

  The hollow sucker rod electric heating device is one of the most important applications of hollow sucker rod. Put the heating cable into the hollow sucker rod, when the power is connected, it will generate inner skin effect, the electric energy will be transformed to the thermal energy to heat the crude oil. This device can reduce the viscosity and wax content of the crude oil and guarantee the normal production.
  There is a special device of the electric heating device. It adopts the drive rod for screw pump to instead of the common hollow sucker rod. The drive rod for screw pump has higher tensile strength and fracture resistance than the common hollow sucker rod. So, the screw pump electric heating device is ideal for the extremely strict environments of high efficiency exploitation. Hollow sucker rod hot carrier heating is mainly used for heating the crude oil which is high viscosity, high pour point and high wax content. Inject the hot carrier into the hollow sucker rod to heat the crude oil. The hot carrier will not enter the oil pipe, so it will not pollute the oil and reduce pollution.

• Circular heating device

  Circular heating device is the most important application of the double hollow sucker rod. It using the associated biofuels, solar energy and other heat sources to heat the circular media to enter the inner channel of the double hollow sucker rod, the circular media will flow into the outer channel of the double hollow sucker rod driven by the high pressure. Pass through the four-way hanging connector and return the ground return pipe to form a closed circular system. The circular media will not contact with the crude oil and has no loss of it. Additional, the associated biofuels and solar energy are all the clean energy, so the device is clean, green and high efficiency device to exploit the high pour point, high viscosity and high wax content crude oil.

Advantages for sucker rod

In general, the advantages of continuous sucker rod are as follows：

• Because there is no coupling, it can effectively reduce the wear between the pump rod and tubing wall.
• Common sucker rod connecting part is easiest to failure fracture, however, the design of the continuous sucker rod is cancelled fitting, which can greatly reduce the failure frequency of sucker rod.
• Reduce the load of pumping unit：Because there is no collar, when sucker rod move in the oil, the friction is on the decrease so that the total energy consumption is greatly reduced, and Continuous sucker rod under the same circumstances, the well depth is deeper.
• Sucker rod can undertake continuous operation, which greatly simplifies the operation process. Due to the failure frequency of decrease at the same time, reduce work times and corresponding operation cost greatly reduced.

Two kinds of sucker rod

At present, the domestic production and application of continuous sucker rod is mainly steel continuous sucker rod andcarbon fiber continuous sucker rod (Flexible continuous sucker rod).

Steel continuous sucker rod refers to the metal continuous sucker rod, Its cross section is approximately oval, which can be used in the conventional pumping unit and the oil pump. Compared with the flexible continuous rod, the operating equipment of steel continuous sucker rod is more complex, and the transportation is inconvenient, and the corrosion resistance is poor. But because of its high reliability, the operation speed is faster, and the fatigue strength is higher, it currently used more widely.

The flexibility of carbon fiber rod is good. With a small winding drum, it's easy for transportation but can only sustain tension. The most important is that the operating temperature is limited. And the price is not so reasonable.

Conclusion

With the continuous development of manufacturing process and material properties, the development and application of continuous sucker rod is becoming more and more extensive, and its performance advantages will be more and more outstanding. But we should realize that there are still many problems in the practical application of the continuous sucker rod, Timely summary and actively seek resolution strategy, in order to make the technology more able to adapt to oilfield development

How Are Pipelines Built?

Pipelines are mainly used to transport gas, water, oil in petrol and gas industry. Designing and installing a gas pipeline is a lengthy, detailed and complex job, which cannot be completed overnight. The whole construction period can take up a long period of time, with a specialized and qualified working team. Great effort should be taken to safely finfish the project while maintaining complete environment condition and minimizing impact on the land owners. Today let’s take a close look at the construction of pipelines.

The pipeline construction process

The construction period can be simply divided into 3 parts, namely pre-construction, while-construction and post-construction.

Pre-construction

• Survey and staking

  Before the construction begins, the company should obtain the legal rights to the land along the proposed route, called a right-of-way, from landowners. Once the proposal is approved and a route is developed, the route is then marked with stakes.

• Clearing and grading

  Vegetation is removed from the right-of-way and the topsoil is removed and stockpiled for future reclamation. The crews install fences along edges of streams to prevent erosions of the disturbed soil. The right-of -way will also be graded so that the construction equipment will operate safely.

• Trenching

  When the right-of-way is prepared, the crew uses backhoes or trenching machines to excavate a pipeline trench and place the excavated soil to the side.

• Stringing

  Various lengths of pipes are moved from stockpile sites to the right-of-way. They are laid out eng-to-end, ready to be welded.

While-construction

• Bending

  A pipeline may meet special terrains, such as lakes and hills, in which a straight pipeline cannot successfully be places. To solve this problem, a special pipe-bending machine will be used to bend some pipes to fit the shape of the land.

• Welding

  Welding is a technique used to melt metal and join each joins of the pipes.This step will be repeated several times until joints of the pipes are joined together to form a pipeline using either manual or automated welding process. Both methods are inspected and certified to guarantee high quality of the welding.

• Coating

  It is necessary to coat the pipeline both inside and outside in order to prevent it from corroding or rusting. In some rugged areas, some specialized external coating, such as abrasive resistant fusion bond epoxy, will be used to alleviate the effect of abrasive condition and provide an external protection.

• Inspection

  Before the pipeline is lowered into a trench, the integrity of the coating should be closely inspected. If any defect is found in the coating, a repair coating will be applied to fix the problem.

• Lowering-in

  The pipeline is lowered into the trench using heavy lifting machines called side booms. Great care should be taken not to damage the external coating and the pipeline itself.

• Backfilling

  Once the pipeline is placed in the trench, valves and other fittings will be installed on the pipeline. The valves are used to block off certain section of the pipe. Then, the pipeline is carefully backfilled with the excavated soil.

Post-construction

• Testing

  A variety of methods are adopted test the pipeline,making sure it can withstand extreme pressure, while maintaining long-term reliability and safety.

• Cleaning up

  The right of way will be reclaimed and contemporary facilities set up during the construction process will be removed; the area will be restored as close as possible to its original condition.

The end

The pipeline serves as a vital link that delivers natural gas and oil. Thus, the construction of pipelines is certainly of great significance. The pipeline construction is a highly-specialized technical work, requiring great efforts and rich expertise. Only by following proper steps and working procedures can you get the pipelines well built.

API Standards For Oil Tubing

What is API?

API, referring to “American Petroleum Institute”, founded in 1919, is the largest trade association for oil and gas industry in America, and one of the world’s most successful chambers of commerce that contributes to the standardization of oil production. API specification is widely used all over the world due to its safety, versatility and advancement. The main function of API is to define and draft standards to qualify the oil and petrol industry, ensuring the safety and reliability of the industrial equipment. Therefore, the equipment with API specification is not only considered as highly qualified but leading positioned in the field as well.

Types of API Tubing

The tube is the devise used to transport oil or natural gas from the hydrocarbon reservoir to the earth surface. Tubes mainly include three different kinds, namely non-upset tubing (NU), external upset tubing (EU) and integral joint tubing (IJ). NU refers to the tube whose ends are threaded and coupling directly without being thickened. EU means both ends of the tube are thickened, threaded and then coupling. IJ refers to the tube whose ends are connected without coupling, one end being threaded through internal thickened and the other through external thickened.

API Tube Grades

API divides tubing grades into three groups. Group 1 is for all tubing in grades H40, J55, and N80. Group 2 is for restricted-yield tubing grades L80, C90, and T95. Group 3 is for high-strength tubing in seamless grade P110. The API grade letter designation was arbitrarily selected to provide a unique name for various steels. Numbers in the grade designation indicate the minimum yield strength of the steel in thousand psi. API defines the yield strength as the tensile stress required to produce a specific total elongation per unit length on a standard test specimen.

Grade H40 is generally not used in tubing sizes due to the relatively low yield strength. J55, commonly used grade for most wells, has been the "standard" grade for tubing in most relatively shallow (< 9,000 ft) and low-pressure (< 4,000 psi) wells on land. N80, a relatively old grade with open chemical requirements, is susceptible to H2S and acceptable for sweet oil and gas wells in design conditions. L80 is a restricted yield-tubing grade that is available in Type 1, 9Cr, or 13Cr. L80Type 1 is less expensive, but more subjects to weight-loss corrosion, commonly used in oil and gas fields. Despite the popularity for CO2-and mild H2S-contaminated wells in the past, Type 9Cr has largely been supplanted by Type 13Cr. L80 13Cr tubing has become popular for its good CO2-induced weight-loss corrosion resistance properties. C90 is relatively new with two different chemical requirements: Type 1 and Type 2. Only Type 1 is recommended for use in sour service. T95 is a high-strength tubular grade with different chemical requirements: Type 1 and Type 2. Only Type 1 is recommended for sour service. P110, the high-strength tubing, is normally used in deep sweet oil and gas wells under high pressure. This grade is sensitive to SSC failures unless the temperatures are relatively high (> 175°F).

API Tubes are supposed to bear the pressure during the extraction period, which means it should be of great pressure resistance and proper malleability. Besides, it ought to be sized to perfectly satisfy the expected rates of oil and gas products, neither too big nor too small. API 5CT and 5B make specific requirements to the production of tubes, such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness, etc.

Anson API Tube

Tianjin Anson International Co., Ltd is devoted to supplying OCTG products with reliable quality and competitive price. Boasting years of experience, we possess profound knowledge, professional work team, and most importantly, excellent products catering to customers’ needs, even beyond their expectations. The tubes manufactured in our company are completely certified by the API 5CT, with an outside diameter ranging from 1.660* to 4 1/2* (42.16mm to 114.3mm) and wall thickness from 2.3 PPF to 26.10 PPF (3.57mm to 9.52mm). Besides, they are made to withstand the pressure generated from the extraction process, owning suitable tensile and yield strength and pressure resistance.
With API certified, we promise to provide the top quality tubes, sincerely looking forward to offering you the best products, as well as the perfect service.

The Purpose Guidance Of Welded Steel Pipe

Generally speaking, the welded steel pipes are divided into general welded pipe, galvanized welded pipe, oxygen welding tube, metric system welded tube, transformer tube, welding thin wall pipe and spiral welded pipe etc.

General welded pipe: General welded pipe adopts Q195A, Q215A and Q235A or mild steel as raw materials. It is used to transfer the low pressure fluid. In addition, the pipes need water pressure, bending and flattening test etc. Usually, it has some certain requirements on the surface quality. The length of delivery is often from 4 to 10mm. The specifications of welded pipe in nominal diameter are different from actual size. Depending on the wall thickness, welded pipe are also divided into common steel pipe and thicken steel pipe.

Galvanized welded pipe: In order to enhance the corrosion resistance, the general welded pipe is galvanized zinc as protective layer. Galvanized steel pipe has two types: hot dip galvanized pipe with thicken zinc layer and electrical-galvanized pipe with low cost.

Metric system welded tube: The metric system welded tube is made from the common carbon steel, quality carbon steel or low alloy steel with the hot and cold welding or after hot welded by the cold again. The specification adopts the seamless steel pipe form with outside diameter*wall thickness (mm). The common metric system welded tube is usually used as structural elements like axis of rotation or transporting the fluid etc. The thin-walled tube is utilized for processing furniture, lamps and lanterns. But the manufacturers need to guarantee the strength and bending of steel pipe in the processing.

Spiral welded tube: The spiral welded tube uses low carbon structural steel or low alloy structural steel strip according to certain helix angle (forming angle) rolled into a tube billet, then welded the pipe joints to be made. The spiral welded tube can use narrow strip steel to produce large diameter steel pipe. It is broadly applied as oil or natural gas pipeline. Moreover, spiral welded pipe has one side welding and double sided welding.